Some of my students and followers may know that after I stopped teaching high school and university French, I started a small personal travel business. For over 30 years, I took groups of high school French students to France for an unforgettable experience. I recently acquired a digitized copy of the publicity video I sent out to schools across the U.S. to inform them of my work. I am including below the link to that video. It shows all periods of French history, with appropriate background music. It was quite a task to produce this video, and I hope many will find it here and enjoy this little trip through French history and culture, called “The France Experience.”
Hard Sounds in French—Part 2: “eu” plus a pronounced consonant
In this article, we will examine another of the “combination vowels”, that is, those vowels that have the tongue position of one vowel, but the lip position of a different one.
This is the vowel spelled “eu” when it is followed by a pronounced consonant. Since we do not have this sound in English, most students find it rather challenging. You find it in words like coiffeur, soeur, jeune, seul, ils peuvent. (phonetic symbol [œ]. Notice that in each case, the spelling “eu” is “closed off” by a consonant sound.
There are other cases where the”eu” is NOT closed off by a pronounced consonant and this is a different sound, as in “deux, il peut, je veux, il pleut.
So for the “eu” sound in words like ”professeur” the tongue is going to say the vowel “e” as in “sept” or “fête” or “elle” (phonetic symbol [ɛ]). To make this sound, the tongue is just slightly rounded in the front of the mouth. (Remember again, that in the “French mouth” the tip of the tongue is always behind the lower teeth with tension in the tip.)
Keep saying that sound as in “elle”. But then, you have to round your lips AS IF you were saying the “o” of “école” or “comment”. (phonetic symbol [ɔ]). In my video course, Mastering French Pronunciation, I teach that the correct lip position for this vowel has the corners of the lips coming in towards each other, with tension in the lips. This sound is fairly close to the English “au” as in “autumn”. So you pass from “cette” to “soeur”, from “quel” to “coeur”. It's a little hard to describe these sounds without hearing them, so be on the look-out for a video that I will post soon on my You Tube channel so you can hear the sounds. (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9Ei4rO_PLwhmyClIe6ABog).
In the Rick Steves' little book, French Phrase book and Dictionary, he gives some English equivalents for those who may not know any French at all. These substitute sounds he offers are NOT the correct French sound, but they may get you close enough to the sound to be understood by the French listener. So for the sound in “seul” or “jeune” he suggests the English “uh” as in “but”. And for words with an “r” like “soeur” he suggests the English “ur” as in “purr”. But to make the authentic French sound, refer to the paragraph above.
In Part 3 of this series, we will look at this sound again, this time with some different spellings—just to confuse the student of French! Again, send me an email to let me know how you are doing.
Hard Sounds in French—part 1--”u”
Most French vowels are not THAT much different from English ones. (Although as I am fond of saying, “there is NO sound in French that is exactly the same as English due to the radically different basic mouth position of the two languages”)
But there are two vowels in particular that need some extra help. These are what we call “combination vowels”--so named because they are a combination of the tongue position of one vowel, and the lip position of a different one.
In this article, we will look at one of these: the sound spelled “u” as in “tu” or “vue” or “futur”. (phonetic symbol is [y]. Most students who have trouble with this sound replace it with the sound spelled “ou” as in “vous” or “fou”. (phonetic symbol is [u]. But this incorrect sound changes the meaning of words and so it is not an acceptable substitute. Here are a few examples: j'ai bu—le bout; j'ai lu—le loup; tu—tout. “Tu vas bien” is very different from “Tout va bien.!”
The secret to pronouncing this French vowel is to take the tongue position of “i” inside the mouth. (as in 'ski”) This is “the note” to hit to get this sound right. To make an “i” the tongue is rounded very high in the front of the mouth. Remember, as I teach in my video course, Mastering French Pronunciation, in the “French mouth” the tip of the tongue is always behind the front teeth with tension in the tip. And the rounding of the tongue to make the sound “i” is right behind the upper teeth along the gum ridge. (If you look in a mirror, you can see the tongue.)
Now, the other half of this sound is rounding the lips. And here is the problem: when rounding the lips, as if to say “ou”, many students also change their tongue position as if to say “ou”, and that makes the sound come out as ou”. So instead of “tu vas bien” it comes out as “tout va bien”--an entirely different meaning. The secret, again, is to hold fast to the “i” position of the tongue, at the same time as rounding the lips.
In the Rick Steves' little book, French Phrase book and Dictionary, he presents a fun way to produce this sound: “pucker your lips and say 'i.'” But once more, the key is to keep saying ”i” no matter what!
For students who have a hard time with this vowel, I have suggested actually replacing the “u” sound by the “i” sound. Say 'j'ai bi le ji” (j'ai bu le jus); or “Ti vas bien” (Tu vas bien); j'ai vi le garçon (j'ai vu le garçon). Although this would sound strange to the French listener, it would sound closer to the desired “u” sound than replacing it with “ou” as in “jai bou le jou”. Repeat the “wrong” way over and over (j'ai bi, j'ai bi, j'ai bi etc. and then finally round the lips around that sound, and you will fall naturally onto the correct sound.
I hope this helps a bit in pronouncing this challenging sound. Send me an email to let me know how you're doing.
French Pronunciation Tips & Tricks #3 The Mute E
The mute e is not hard to say; the hard part is knowing when to say it and when NOT to say it. It really helps to have a good teacher as you navigate spoken French.
Read moreFrench Pronunciation Tips & Tricks #2 Another Tricky French Vowel
If you pronounce “école” with the same sound as “hole” in English the French may not understand you. Good French pronunciation depends on forming the sounds in your mouth and with your lips the way the French speaker does it. Finesse your French and speak more like a native.
Read moreHard Words in French #15
#15 the French “r”. Many people think this uniquely French sound is hard to make and sounds harsh, but in reality it is very soft and quite easy to learn.
"HARD WORDS IN FRENCH" #14
Hard Words #14
This is a word you see in airports and train stations, welcoming visitors, so it's a good idea to know how to say it. It does feature a French vowel that we don't have in English and that many find challenging to say. I give a hint about how French speakers form this sound which is also the sound you have in “soeur” or “oeuf”.
"HARD WORDS IN FRENCH" #12
bouilloire The expats in France listed bouilloire as one of their “10 hardest words in French” and it's an important word, meaning tea kettle. As in most of these words, it is the spelling that causes the concern, especially the combination “ill” which has appeared in most of the words in this series. We saw this in the last word, #11, grenouille. It is really easy to say: the same sound you have in “bien” or “Pierre” or as in “yes” in English. To improve the quality of your spoken French, you will benefit from my video course. Check our more information on the website under courses.
HARD WORDS IN FRENCH #11
Hard words #11
Our word this time is the fun word for “frog”: grenouille. You will often see this on menus in French restaurants as “cuisse de grenouille” or frog's legs, so it's a good idea to know how to say it correctly. The second syllable is the same as the word for “noodle”, nouille. And once again, as in most of these hard words listed by expats, there is that “ill” combination which seems hard to say but is really just one sound, the semi-vowel “iyuh” as in il y a. In my video course, you learn how to say each French sound as well as how the French produce those sounds through what I call “the French mouth”. Find more information on the website under courses.
Hard Words in French #10
Hard Words #10 Once again we take a look at the combination of letters “ill” which doesn't sound like you would expect. But also we mention the vowel “eu” as in “deux” which is so vital to speaking French correctly and one of the foundations of my video course. Go to my website under “Courses” to learn more and enroll in this program which will have you sounding much more like a French native speaker.
Hard Words in French #8 "pneu"
This new video series on Hard Words in French has been a lot of fun to teach. One of the interesting things I have noticed is that in most cases it is not that the word is particularly hard to pronounce but the spelling makes it look hard. I started the series around the time of Christmas, so the first of this series was “meilleurs voeux”. But from then on I have been focused on the “10 hardest words in French”, a list that appeared in an online news magazine called The Local. Fr. I am assuming that these were words expats in France submitted to the magazine and got the idea for the series. The word this week, “pneu” is not really all that hard but it has a couple of interesting features. One is the pronunciation of the eu spelling, which in this case we call the closed eu. Its phonetic symbol is /ø/ and it is one of the foundations of my course, Mastering French Pronunciation. What is so important about this vowel? It contains all the important characteristics of what I call “The French mouth”. Since I am an English speaker, I have had to learn how to sound French and that is the specialty of what I offer. These little video lessons give you a sample of the content of my teaching, but the course also gives the opportunity to practice what is taught by repeating exercises after me, and also by seeing a native French speaker say the words on video. If correcting your Anglo/American accent and sounding more authentically French interests you, I invite you to look into Mastering French Pronunciation.